Here is a Fox News interview with Japanese physicist, Michio Kaku, who is quite convinced that in the near future we will be able to read people’s minds – high tech phrenology, really.
(= Bumps on the brain explain your mind.)
You know, I heard all this a zillion years ago when video killed the radio star.
As I recall, computers were going to think like people. That didn’t happen, but … on to the next thing, no delays!
Evolutionary psychology! You ARE the cave man! Okay, so that didn’t turn up a single piece of useful information, and just got further and further from science? Well, obviously, .. More money for research is needed …
Oh yes, and … chimps think like people! Didn’t you know? When was the last time you tore off your neighbour’s arm and ate it before her eyes?
Was it last summer at the block barbecue? I guess her aunties must have been kind of cautious about offering her bracelets for Christmas …
Actually, it makes more sense to argue that dogs think like people than that chimps do (at least dogs like being around people, which is a beginning …. )
Anyway, look, welcome to the latest schtick: Neuroscience will soon read your thoughts, as per this video. Wowza! Or maybe not …
A couple of thoughts, to orient a reasonable person:
1. From Mario Beauregard, lead author of The Spiritual Brain:
This study is based on a certain correspondence between elementary visual stimuli and the spatial organization of very basic visual processing in the occipital cortex.
Thoughts are much more complex and correlated with diffuse neural processing throughout the brain. That is, there is no correspondence between the spatial organization of neural processing associated with thoughts and the nature of these thoughts.
This is why it is impossible to read thoughts with fMRI scanners (this is also true for other neuroimaging techniques).
2. From me, following up on Mario:
Thoughts are not like bricks in a building. Here’s an obvious example: Consider abstractions like: Toronto
My idea of Toronto (Canada’s largest city, on the north shore of Lake Ontario, where I live) is probably different from yours. I’ve lived here for about 45 years, so I probably have many more ideas and associations than you would. So how could there be a “one on one” map of our ideas and of all other possible subjects’ ideas?
3. Friends have offered additional thoughts, for example, neurosurgeon Mike Egnor:
It’s interesting scientifically only in that it highlights fMRI’s ability to image cerebral metabolism in real time with much better resolution than was ever possible before (it’s much better than PET scanning, which was the gold standard).
fMRI works by imaging local changes in cerebral blood flow, which corresponds to activation of small regions of the brain.
This latest flurry appears to be the usual ‘science-as-press-release’, although at least it’s not some idiotic evolutionary theory. Researchers in Japan have tweaked fMRI to be able to image geometrical patterns of blood flow (and neuronal activity) in the occipital cortex that corresponds to reading letters. It so happens that the visual system maps with high fidelity. That is, the patterns of light activation of the retina are transmitted with spatial fidelity to the occipital cortex, so if you’re looking at a circle of light, there actually is a tiny circle of neurons activated in the occipital cortex. fMRI can resolve this, so it can read ‘letters’ that the person is reading by imaging the cortex. It is quite laborious (it takes multiple images and, as I understand, many minutes of looking at a letter to get an image).
The ocular system is a bit atypical in its mapping fidelity. In most other regions of the cortex, especially in the large association areas where much of our thought seems to be mediated, there are no maps that we know of. The motor system and the somatic sensory system have maps, but less refined.
… fMRI doesn’t allow us to ‘read minds’; it merely images patterns of cortical activation that we’ve know about for decades. There is nothing qualitatively different about the ‘lie detection’ capabilities of fMRI and the stuff we already use. People give physiological clues when they are lying; wives of cheating husbands and parents of naughty children have known this for millennia. Liars sweat, get tachycardia, avoid eye contact, stammer, and get different patterns of blood flow in their brains. It’s all physiology. There’s nothing spooky about fMRI.
By the same account, there is no substitute for skillful evaluation of the data. If fMRI is to be used for lie detection (it apparently has already been used for that purpose in a criminal case in India), it needs to be vetted with the same rigor as lie detectors used in courts today. The potential for abuse, even tyranny, is real and scary. People defer to fancy technology, and fMRI is very alluring.
I must say that I’m appalled at the sensationalization of scientific research today, and at the idiotic things that scientists … are willing to say in public. These advances in fMRI are genuine technical advances, and they will probably prove quite valuable in future brain research. But the notion that they allow us to ‘read minds’ is nuts.
Besides, we can already read minds. We can converse, which has orders of magnitude more sensitivity and specificity than a 3 million dollar fMRI machine.
4. And from another friend:
What it appears that they did at a basic level does not extend to the fantastical notions of Dr. Kaku. He’s projecting into the future, and we know how well that works. I have no problem with the possibility that they may eventually be able to reproduce visual imagery from brain scans. But there would need to be massive breakthoughs in the resolution of brain scanning equipment.
The visual cortex is actually reasonably well mapped. Unfortunately, I think most of the data comes from animal studies. By recording signals at the thalamus level in cats, researchers were able to basically reproduce some of the images from the nerve signals. This was done with implants and not through fMRI equipment.
Essentially, I think the researchers are employing ID notions of reverse engineering to try and decode the signals within the brain. Even if many of these signals are decoded, it says nothing about how these signals give rise to consciousness or to the mind. It also says nothing about how the mind can “re-wire” the brain as in neuroplasticity. Dr. Kaku’s notion of using this to read minds in a perfect way that won’t be subject to the same problems as a polygraph is ridiculous. If there is a way to confuse the “mind reading” equipment, people would figure it out. It’s all pure speculation in that regard.
Well, I have no doubt that people would find a way to confuse any brain equipment, though cats may not.
I also think that the best way to understand a cat is by following the cat around. You can take the cat apart, but then you have a dead cat. You will learn some things that way. But you would beamazed at what you can learn by just following the cat around. Remember that the cat’s world is about 6 cm from the ground … ).
Another resource: A psychologist’s view of the question.