You may remember from your high school biology class that DNA segments called genes are transcribed and that the copy, which is slightly different and called RNA, is then translated into a string of amino acids which folds up into a new protein. And in the more complicated eukaryote cells this process is more elaborate because the genes can be split up into multiple segments (called exons) in the DNA. This means the RNA transcript needs some editing to splice out the intervening regions. You may also remember your teacher explaining the cell division process and how the DNA is duplicated so that in the end there are two identical copies of the cell’s genome. Read more