If Darwinism is not failing, why would Darwinists now want to evade the name they accepted for nearly 150 years? Yes! Despite a clear history of a century and a half of acceptance, a key Darwinist actually did his best to make it sound like an insult. Read on!
Some wonder why I, a mere journalist, sense that Darwinism is doomed.
Well, I observe and interview people and study how they behave.
One curious fact is that the venerable term Darwinist now makes Darwinists uncomfortable.
This problem hit the top of my intray last year a Canadian church bureaucrat took me to task because, she insisted that in By Design or by Chance?, I was “following the ID lead” when I used the term “Darwinism.”
Now, in the early stages of research, I had made a careful study of the terminology used in the debate. I knew that “Darwinism” was commonly used among Darwinian evolutionists – probably only because Darwinism (and Darwinist) is easier and briefer.
So at the time, I dismissed the churchcrat summarily by pointing out the following:
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See, for example, the following examples, where – for your convenience – I have highlighted the relevant words:
Here, for example, is Richard Dawkins:
I’m a Darwinist because I believe the only alternatives are Lamarckism or God … ,
and
The theory of punctuated equilibrium is a minor gloss on Darwinism, one which Darwin himself might well have approved if the issue had been discussed in his time. As a minor gloss, it does not deserve a particularly large measure of publicity. (Dawkins R., “The Blind Watchmaker,” [1986], Penguin: London, 1991, reprint, p.250)
The famous evolutionary biologist Ernst Mayr said,
The real core of Darwinism is the theory of natural selection. This theory is so important for the Darwinian because it permits the explanation of adaptation, the ‘design’ of the natural theologian, by natural means, instead of by divine intervention. (p. 138 Ernst Mayr (Foreword to M. Ruse, Darwinism Defended, Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1982, pp. xi-xii))
H. Allen Orr, a committed Darwinian biologist and opponent of ID, trashing one of Dawkins’s notions (the “meme”), says:
… , it is simply not true that Darwinism works with any substrate, no matter what. Indeed Darwinism can’t even explain old-fashioned *biological* evolution if the hereditary substrate doesn’t behave just right. Evolution would quickly grind to a halt, for instance, if inheritance were blending, not particulate. With blending inheritance, the genetic material from two parents seamlessly blends together like different colored paints. With particulate Mendelian inheritance, genes from Mom and Dad remain forever distinct in Junior. This substrate problem was so acute that turn-ofthe-century biologists — all fans of blending inheritance — concluded that Darwinism just can’t work. ….” (Orr H.A., “Dennett’s Strange Idea: Natural Selection: Science of Everything, Universal Acid, Cure for the Common Cold … . Review of “Darwin’s Dangerous Idea,” by Daniel C. Dennett, Simon and Schuster. Boston Review, Vol. 21., No. 3., Summer 1996.)
And here is Lynn Margulis, Professor of Biology at the University of Massachusetts. Margulis is, I take it, a naturalistic evolutionist, but a fan of the Gaia hypothesis rather than of neo-Darwinism. She calls the latter ‘a minor twentieth-century religious sect within the sprawling religious persuasion of Anglo-Saxon biology,’ and has said of proponents of the theory, that they,
wallow in their zoological, capitalistic, competitive, cost-benefit interpretation of Darwin—having mistaken him…. Neo-Darwinism, which insists on (the slow accrual of mutations), is in a complete funk. (Mann, C. (1991) “Lynn Margulis: Science’s Unruly Earth Mother,” Science, 252, 378-381), Behe, Darwin’s Black Box 1, p. 26)
Harold, Franklin, writing about the complexity of cell, says,
We should reject, as a matter of principle, the substitution of intelligent design for the dialogue of chance and necessity (16); but we must concede that there are presently no detailed Darwinian accounts of the evolution of any biochemical or cellular system, only a variety of wishful speculations. There is room for discovery here, and for reflection too; nowhere is the appeal of Gould’s “pluralistic Darwinism ” more keenly felt than in the study of cell evolution. (The Way of the Cell, p. 204.)
All of these people are/have been pretty mainstream within the naturalistic movement in science over the last hundred years (unless you count Lyn Margulis out because she is a woman and an unruly Earth mother). In fact, for some (perhaps many) prominent Darwinian biologists, the terms Darwinism/Darwinist cover both the specific process of natural selection acting on random mutation and the philosophical view of naturalism that so many of them apparently believe:
I toyed with atheism from the age of about nine, originally because I worked out that, of all the hundreds of religions in the world, it was the sheerest accident that I was brought up Christian. They couldn’t all be right, so maybe none of them was. I later reverted to a kind of pantheism when I realised the shattering complexity and beauty of the living world. Then, around the age of 16, I first understood that Darwinism provides an explanation big enough and elegant enough to replace gods. I have been an atheist ever since. (Dawkins R., “You Ask The Questions,” Independent, 23 February 2003)
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However, I now think I may have been too hard on that churchcrat (or churchadmin? – I don’t mind advancing her pay grade).
You see, I have just discovered a most interesting fact from Jonathan Wells’ The Politically Incorrect Guide to Darwinism and Intelligent Design . The churchcrat might have been misled by Darwinists themselves on this point. Wells writes,
Harvard sociobiologist Edward O. Wilson recently claimed that the word “Darwinism” was coined by enemies of Darwin to make him look bad. “It’s a rhetorical device to make evolution seem like a kind of faith, like ‘Maoism’,” said Wilson in Newsweek in November 2005. “Scientists,” Wilson added, “don’t call it Darwinism.” (P. 10)
But, as I have shown above, they do.
And, as Wells notes, they have done so since 1864, when Darwin’s bulldog, T.E. Huxley was first recorded using the term, according to the Oxford English Dictionary (Wells, p. 10).
Wells notes that Ernst Mayr and Stephen Jay Gould used the term “extensively” in their writings and a host of biology hopefuls have also applied Darwinism’s sacred name in the titles of their articles.
But come to think of it, while I was researching By Design or by Chance? “Christian evolutionists” used to fret when I used the term casually, in the very way that the Darwinists themselves use it.
Christian evolutionists, so far as I can tell, live in a sort of unreal world where one espouses Darwinism while pretending not to know what it means. So Ms. Churchcrat may have been honestly misled after all. She would be foolish to be more angry with me than with those who misled her, but you never know.
But if Darwinism is not failing, why would Darwinists now want to evade the name they accepted for nearly 150 years?