J Mol Evol. 1999 Aug;49(2):169-81.
On the possibility of constructive neutral evolution.
Stoltzfus A
Department of Biochemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4H7 Canada.
The neutral theory often is presented as a theory of “noise” or silent changes at an isolated “molecular level,” relevant to marking the steady pace of divergence, but not to the origin of biological structure, function, or complexity. Nevertheless, precisely these issues can be addressed in neutral models, such as those elaborated here with regard to scrambled ciliate genes, gRNA-mediated RNA editing, the transition from self-splicing to spliceosomal splicing, and the retention of duplicate genes. All of these are instances of a more general scheme of “constructive neutral evolution” that invokes biased variation, epistatic interactions, and excess capacities to account for a complex series of steps giving rise to novel structures or operations. The directional and constructive outcomes of these models are due not to neutral allele fixations per se, but to these other factors. Neutral models of this type may help to clarify the poorly understood role of nonselective factors in evolutionary innovation and directionality.
Some of us ask, if that’s true why don’t we see neutral evolution producing much more than just plain change without improvement in all kinds of things? It’s the same problem as, if life can come into existence through purely natural processes, with no added information, why don’t we see it happening?
Why was Louis Pasteur right when he said omne vivum ex vivo: Life comes only from life?